标题：Multiple agency and the collective paradox in grassroots language management: a netnographic study of the national language protection action in Kazakhstan
作者：田睿（重庆大学外国语学院）、赵蓉晖（上海外国语大学语言科学研究院）、古丽孜依·白山（上海外国语大学俄罗斯东欧中亚学院）、郑尧（重庆大学外国语学院）
摘要：The critical and socio-cultural turns in language planning and policy have prompted extensive research on the relationship between agency and structure, highlighting the need for studies in diverse socio-cultural contexts to examine how agency is enacted in language planning. Recognizing the spatiotemporal essence of agency, this netnography-based qualitative inquiry situates agency in language planning and policy within a grassroots, bottom-up national language protection action in the Kazakhstan context, which features an intricate linguistic situation. Underpinned by agency theory drawn from social realism, it aims to identify the complex and dynamic agency enactment process by collecting in-depth interviews and netnographic observational data. The findings reveal diverse configurations of reflexive agency enacted by six language policy advocates individually and collectively, which were further complicated by the dual facilitative and inhibitory roles of collective agency emerging from the language management process. The study elucidates the paradoxical nature of collective agency, extending current understandings of this construct within language policy research. The discussion holds the potential to advance future agency study in language policy by interpreting an atypical relationship between agency and structure and a latent paradox in collective agency.
关键词：Language policy; Kazakhstan; agency; social realism; language management; netnography
来源：《Current Issues in Language Planning》2026.8
欢迎引用：Tian, R., Zhao, R., Baishan, G., & Zheng, Y. (2026). Multiple agency and the collective paradox in grassroots language management: a netnographic study of the national language protection action in Kazakhstan. Current Issues in Language Planning, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2026.2711651
